Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids sections 11. Intermolecular forces attractions between molecules not chemical bonds much weaker than chemical bonds create properties of liquids vapor pressure, boiling point, viscosity, surface tension three types dipole interactions hydrogen bonding a type of dipole dispersion forces. Forces responsible for making different compounds to have different melting point and boiling point. Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kineticmolecular theory. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids iondipole forces5 an iondipole force is an interaction between an ion e.
Hydrogen bonding a i, ii, and iii b i and ii c i only d ii only 7 problems. They could be ions, could be molecules, neutral molecules. The particles are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. Bellwork describe what happens when the following changes are made in a co 2 sample initially at 1 atm and 60. The attraction forces that hold matter together in a condensed state liquids and solids the strength of the attractions between the particles of a substance determines its state i. Without intermolecular forces, solids and liquids would not exist and all matter would be gaseous. Chapter 12 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces.
Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids 5 dipoledipole forces dipoledipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Kinetic molecular description intermolecular forces i. We will also cover liquids, solids, mixtures, and phase changes. Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between molecules. States of matter and intermolecular forces khan academy. Intermolecular vs intramolecular 41 kj to vaporize 1 mole of water inter 930 kj to break all oh bonds in 1 mole of water intra generally, intermolecular forces are much weaker than intramolecular forces. Pdfdateien in einzelne seiten aufteilen, seiten loschen oder drehen, pdfdateien einfach zusammenfugen oder.
An additional attraction is the iondipole forces that occur between polar molecules and ions, as in saltwater. Intermolecular forces may be attractive or repulsive. They include london dispersion forces, dipoledipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. Chapter 10 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces. The strength of the attractive forces varies depending on the kinds of particles. We will learn about how intermolecular forces make this possible. Topics changes of state energy changes attractive forces dipoledipole, induced dipole, hydrogen bonding liquid state liquidvapor equilibrium equilibrium, vapor pressure, boiling pt. The attractive intermolecular forces between particles that tend to draw the particles together. Have you ever wondered how some insects are able to skate on the surface of water. Never confuse hydrogen bonding with a bonded hydrogen. Gases, liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 62 intermolecular forces and the states of matter solids. Liquids and intermolecular forces topics changes of state energy changes attractive forces dipoledipole, induced dipole, hydrogen bonding liquid state liquidvapor equilibrium equilibrium, vapor pressure, boiling pt. The state of a sample of mattersolid, liquid, or gasdepends on magnitude of intermolecular forces between the constituent particles relative to amount of thermal energy in the sample. Start studying intermolecular forces, liquids and solids.
Polar substances, all things being equal, will usually have stronger intermolecular forces dipoledipole interactions than nonpolar substances which are held together by strength of london dispersion forces. Pdf merger lite is a very easy to use application that enables you to quickly combine multiple pdfs in order to create a single document. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces and liquids and solids. Two factors determine whether a substance is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. The forces that hold condensed states together 487 11. These are attractive interactions between the building blocks. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of molecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond and nonbonding electron pair on a nearby small.
Kinetic energy tends to keep the particles moving apart. Intermolecular forces and liquids and solids ykinetic molecular theory of liquids and solids 12. Liquids that do not evaporate easily are called nonvolatile. Attractive forces between molecules weaker than forces within molecules between atoms intramolecular stronger in solids and liquids than in gases responsible for nonideal properties of gases. Dipoledipole attractions result from the electrostatic attraction of the partial negative end of one dipolar. Weaker attractive forces less energy needed to vaporize weaker attractive forces more energy will need to be removed from the vapor molecules before condensation weak attractive forces the faster the evaporation liquids that evaporate easily are said to be volatile. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids lecture outline 11. Intermolecular forces, liquids and solids flashcards quizlet. The particles of a gas are far apart and move randomly and rapidly. Chapter 12 intermolecular first page of chapter forces and.
The most important manifestation of intermolecular forces is the very existence of liquids and solids. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids chapter 11 brownlemay i. The particles of a solid have fixed positions and exhibit motions of vibration. Intermolecular forces of attraction ch is about liquids and solids where the attraction between particles allows the formation of solids and liquids.
The kinetic energies of the particles atoms, molecules, or ions that make up a substance. The state of matter is influenced by the physical properties of a substance. It is especially important for solutions of ionic substances in polar liquids. Intermolecular forces dispersion forces continued polarizability is the ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or molecule can be distorted. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. At room temperature, moderate to strong attractive forces result in materials being solids or liquids. A crystalline solid possesses rigid and longrange order. H fusion than molecular solids 9because ionic bonds are stronger than intermolecular forces. Solidvapor equilibrium vapor pressure of solid phase diagrams changes of state. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids slide 3 6 table of contents states of matter click on the topic to go to that section intermolecular forces types of intermolecular forces intermolecular forces and physical properties phase changes and phase diagrams types of solids vapor pressure slide 4 6 return to table. As was the case for gaseous substances, the kinetic molecular theory may be used to explain the behavior of solids and liquids. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids intramolecular forces within molecules that give rise to covalent bonding influence molecular shape, bond energies, and many aspects of chemical behavior the physical properties of. Dipoledipole attractions result from the electrostatic attraction of the partial negative end of one dipolar molecule for the partial positive end of another. Surface tension, viscosity, and capil lary action 497.
Surface tension in a liquid, molecules experience equal forces from all directions except at the surface experience a net inward force strong intermolecular forces surface tension water meniscus curves upward because forces between water molecules and the oxygen atoms. The gdpr comes into force and we made adaptions to our terms and. Net framework that was introduced with a windows update. Without intermolecular forces, we wouldnt have tables, lakes, wall. Microsoft powerpoint chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids and solids. Intermolecular forces attractive forces between molecules weaker than forces within molecules between atoms intramolecular stronger in solids and liquids than in gases responsible for nonideal properties of gases dipole moment a vector showing how an electron cloud is moved from one part of a molecule to another part.
Forces bw molecules forces responsible for condensing gas into liquid and liquid into solid. Dec 12, 2010 intermolecular forces may be attractive or repulsive. Aexist only at very low temperatures bhave their particles arranged randomly chave highly ordered structures. Chapter 11 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 11. There are three distinct forces we will consider, each with a range of strength. The intermolecular forces determine the state of the substance. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids intramolecular forces within molecules that give rise to covalent bonding influence molecular shape, bond energies, and many aspects of chemical behavior the physical properties of molecular liquids and solids are largely due to the. List the intermolecular forces existing in the liquid state for each of the compounds. The reason for the relative weakness of intermolecular forces compared to bonding forces is related to coulombs i c\\\2 \ law. While there are many states of matter, the three common states that dominate our world are gases, liquids and solids. In a crystalline solid, atoms, molecules or ions occupy specific predictable positions. Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces chapter 12 intermolecular forces. Intramolecular forces hold atoms together in a molecule.
The attractive forces which exist between different molecules are called intermolecular forces. In the following description, the term particle will be used to refer to an atom, molecule, or ion. Gas particles have broken away from the intermolecular forces that hold liquids and solids together. In liquids, we can observe several other manifestations of intermolecular forces, including surface tension and viscosity.
Note that we will use the popular phrase intermolecular attraction to refer to attractive forces between the particles of a substance, regardless of whether these particles are molecules, atoms, or ions. The rate will increase with a temperature increase the rate will increase with increasing surface area the rate increases with decreasing strength of intermolecular forces liquids that evaporate easily are volatile and those that do not are called nonvolatile. Chapter 11 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces. Nov 28, 2009 chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids sections 11. Molecular mass should be irrelevant here, as far as i know. To determine if a a molecule is polar, you need to know their electronegativity ability to gain electrons numbers. Dec 01, 2016 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids and solids. The particles of a liquid are free to move within the confines of the liquid.
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